Manure-derived antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) pose a significant environmental concern, and understanding their dynamics in soil is crucial for effective management. This study examines both short- and long-term ARG accumulation in soil with a 40-year history of manure application. While initial manure introduction led to a spike in ARG abundance, resident soil bacteria eventually out-competed manure bacteria, resulting in ARG dissipation within a year. Over four decades of annual manure application, linear or exponential ARG accumulation occurred, with shifts in associated bacteria compared to short-term dynamics. Discontinuing manure application led to a decline in most ARG levels eleven years later, though they remained elevated. This systematic exploration of historical ARG accumulation provides insights into factors influencing their persistence in manure soil. Bacterial transposons, mobile genetic elements, play pivotal roles in biotechnology, facilitating precise gene manipulation for synthetic biology, genetic engineering, and industrial applications. These tools enable the development of microbial organisms with enhanced traits, impacting agriculture, environmental cleanup, and biofuel synthesis. In synthetic biology, bacterial transposons serve as gene delivery vehicles, allowing the creation of artificial circuits and pathways, revolutionizing pharmaceuticals, bio-derived chemicals, and other biological products. Additionally, they contribute to directed evolution studies, accelerating the discovery of new enzymes and the development of strains with desired traits. In medical biotechnology, bacterial transposons play crucial roles in gene therapy and therapeutic protein production, offering potential solutions for genetic abnormalities and diseases. The ongoing advancements in the biotechnological applications of bacterial transposons underscore their indispensability for diverse research and development efforts.

https://doi.org/10.48081/BVGL6811

2024

Выпуск 3

The article analyzes the work on improving the horses of the Kustanay breed in the course of the evolution of the breed from the moment of approbation and evaluates the breeding stallions by the quality of offspring. It is established that the modern livestock of the Kustanay breed horses is characterized by superiority in terms of a set of characteristics in the context of the factory lines of 464 Neon and 494 Fort over the peers of the control group – both in breeding and athletic qualities. In this connection, the breeding stallions: Nauryztoy 9 (512 Nag – 2146 Torki 8) and Preferans 5 (525 Pegasus – 2101 Safari) are improvers according to the quality of offspring and can be used to lay two new lines in the Kostanay breed of horses. There were five main lines in the Kustanay breed - 30 Burelom, 45 Zaboy, 84 Zeus, 56 Dictor and 162 Trostnik. The line 84 Zeus (main type) was the most widespread, 23 % of the stock belonged to it; it was followed by the Zaboy line with the index of 15 %; representatives of the lines 30 Burelom (top type), 162 Trostnik (main type) and 56 Dictor (top type) had 7.8 and 9 %, respectively. These indicators were obtained and carried out within the framework of the scientific and technical program BR 10764999 «Development of technologies for effective management of the breeding process and preservation of the gene pool in horse breeding» 2021-2023 of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

https://doi.org/10.48081/VHOU4326

2024

Выпуск 3

Можно заметить значительный рост распространения инфекционных заболеваний. Из них второе место в группе бактериальных заболеваний занимают острые кишечные инфекции, которые передаются фекально-оральным путём. К таким кишечным инфекциям, активно набирающим свои обороты, относится сальмонеллез. Это заболевание также называют «болезнью цивилизации». Ведь оно настолько широко распространилось, что речь идёт не о ликвидации инфекции, а только о снижении уровня заболеваемости. Главный источник инфекции — птицы и сельскохозяйственные животные. Основными путями передачи являются вода и пищевые продукты. Некипяченая вода из различных источников часто является фактором передачи инфекции. Также возможно прямое заражение людей непосредственно от больных птиц и животных или от тесного контакта с носителем. Распространение сальмонеллёза — это актуальная проблема. Ей свойственны такие особенности, как высокая заболеваемость, частые внутрибольничные вспышки, устойчивость сальмонелл к антибиотикам, тяжесть течения локализованных форм. Рост заболеваемости может быть обусловлен целым рядом причин: интенсификацией животноводства, масштабом и характером реализации продуктов, расширением экспортных и импортных связей между странами, а также чрезвычайной выраженностью миграционных процессов. В статье представлены данные об эпидемиологической ситуации заболеваемостью сальмонеллезом в мире и по Казахстану, разъяснены способы передачи инфекционного заболевания, даны рекомендации по профилактике.

https://doi.org/10.48081/NCTR4613

2024

Выпуск 3

This study delves into the use of yttrium-modified catalysts in hydrotreatment processes, focusing on how they enhance sulfur removal efficiency and improve catalyst stability. By introducing yttrium into various catalyst systems, such as palladium-platinum (Pd-Pt) supported on Y-modified USY zeolite and Y-doped Ni₂P phosphides, researchers observed significant advancements in catalytic performance. These included better removal of hard-to-treat sulfur compounds like 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene (4,6-DMDBT), improved dispersion of active metals, and fewer strong acidic sites, which collectively reduced coke formation. The study emphasizes yttrium's unique ability to tackle persistent challenges in hydroprocessing, including the removal of refractory sulfur compounds that conventional catalysts struggle to address. Additionally, yttrium enhanced the structural and operational stability of the catalysts, minimizing coke buildup and maintaining efficiency during extended use. Combining experimental findings with theoretical insights, the research positions yttrium as a pivotal modifier for developing next-generation catalysts capable of achieving ultra-deep desulfurization. These catalysts not only meet stringent environmental standards but also demonstrate excellent durability, making them ideal for industrial applications, particularly in diesel fuel hydrotreatment. Future work will focus on refining yttrium incorporation methods and scaling these advancements for widespread industrial adoption.

https://doi.org/10.48081/MLFN7758

2024

Выпуск 3

Статья направлена для разработок рекомендаций по использованию естественных природных кормовых угодий, с целью их рационального использования в виду их повсеместной деградации под действием антропогенных факторов. Проблема ухудшения состояния растительного покрова кормовых угодий остро стоит перед сельхозтоваропроизводителями. От качества трав зависит не только растениеводческая отрасль, но и животноводческая. Понимание данной проблемы на корню поможет изменить тенденцию по бесконтрольному использованию и как следствие дефициту сочных кормов с пастбищ. Статья была выполнена на основании геоботанических полевых обследований Павлодарской области. Геоботанические обследования позволяют выявить закономерности изменения травостоя и определить все виды не только кормовых, но и лекарственных и ядовитых растений в агрофитоценозе. В статье представлены методы современных обследований больших территорий с использованием ГИС-технологий, а также метод определения урожайности по воздушно-сухому весу растительности, который выявляет степень продуктивности пастбищ. Обследование помогает наглядно установить причину изменения и уменьшения продуктивности растительности, а также на основании характеристик доминирующих растений, обосновать необходимые мероприятия по улучшению состояния пастбищ для выпаса сельскохозяйственных животных.

https://doi.org/10.48081/NSJU7362

2024

Выпуск 3

The article presents the results of research on optimization of the composition of nutrient medium for effective replication of garden strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) microplants. Garden strawberry is a highly demanded berry crop due to its high flavor and rich vitamin composition. Biological features of this crop create limiting factors for accelerated multiplication of high-yielding varieties and their introduction into production. The method of clonal micropropagation allows overcoming many problems of vegetatively propagated crops, including those related to stunting and disease incidence. In this study, the effect of agar-agar as a part of nutrient medium MS and dosage of BAP preparation on the dynamics of development of strawberry plants under in vitro conditions was investigated. The results of the study showed that for induction of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) morphogenesis under in vitro conditions, the use of liquid nutrient medium MS with the addition of BAP preparation at a dosage of 0.5 mg/L

https://doi.org/10.48081/PHLQ1205

2024

Выпуск 3

The article presents the results of our own research on the synthesis of pyridine-containing coordination polymers based on zinc and copper. At the moment, metal-organic coordination polymers are considered one of the most interesting and rapidly developing areas of organic chemistry. This determines their use in petrochemistry, pharmaceuticals, construction and much more. The introduction presents a literature review on the methods of synthesis of metal-organic coordination polymers, their structure and the main pyridine ligands used. The structure of a known polymer based on pyridine-3,5-dicarboxylic acid and europium is presented. The materials and methods describe the reagents used and the synthesis techniques. The discussion results present data on the obtained metal-organic polymers based on pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid, and provide photographs of the polymer crystals obtained using a light microscope. The absorption spectra of the synthesized polymers were recorded in comparison with pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid. It was shown that the absorption spectra of the initial acid and the obtained polymers exhibit a hypochromic effect of the carboxyl group signal, indicating the formation of a polymer. The polymer obtained on the basis of copper has a more ordered structure, gives a higher yield of the product and better strength properties in contrast to the zinc polymer.

https://doi.org/10.48081/PKZP1259

2024

Выпуск 3

В данной статье рассматривается влияние сезонных сточных вод реки Иртыш и проанализированы основные показатели загрязняющих веществ, также рассмотрена принципиальная технологическая схема очистных сооружений г. Павлодар. Сброс сточных вод с очистных сооружений сточных вод оказывает серьезное пагубное воздействие на здоровье водных экосистем. Рассмотрен ежеквартальный контроль за качеством вод реки Иртыш по основным створам контроля: вход в область (в районе села Подпуск и села Акку), на протяжении области, выше и ниже сброса городских очистных сооружений, выход из области (с. Прииртышское). Также важно заметить, в статье проанализированы в каких сезонных периодах связанное с увеличением нагрузки деятельности промышленных и хозяйственно – бытовых предприятий (АЗС, химчистки, бани и сауны и т.д.). Это в свою очередь приводит к увеличению концентраций тяжелых химических металлов: цинка (Zn), железа (Fe), а также нефтепродуктов. Также промышленные сточные воды заражают водоемы токсичными химическими веществами. В результате загрязнения вода претерпевает следующие изменения, такие как: - изменение органолептических характеристик воды (цвет, вкус, запах); - замедление или полностью прекращение процессов самоочищения водоемов; - нарушение природного баланса: растворенный в воде кислород поглощается быстрее, на дно оседают отложения, уменьшается количество планктона, рыба вымирает, что в весенний, летний и осенний периоды наблюдается превышение химических веществ по сравнению с ПДК, увеличением нагрузки деятельности промышленных и хозяйственно – бытовых предприятий.

https://doi.org/10.48081/ZHFD9744

2024

Выпуск 2

Мақала пластикалық қалдықтардың қоршаған ортаға теріс әсері проблемасына арналған. XXI ғасыр − жаһандық экологиялық проблемалардың ғасыры. Олардың бірі - қоршаған ортаны әртүрлі пластикалармен ластау, барлық тұрмыстық қалдықтар көлемінің 40% -ын құрайды. Әрине, бұл оңай, ыңғайлы, арзан, бірақ экологиялық тұрғыдан емес, өйткені мұндай қаптамалық қоқыстың көп бөлігі тұтастай ыдыраймайды немесе ыдырау мерзімі ұзақ [8, 9]. Бүкіл әлемде қоршаған табиғи ортаның антропогендік ластану көзі ретінде пластикалық қалдықтар проблемасы аса өзекті болып отыр. Біздің елімізде мұндай қалдықтарды өнеркәсіптік ауқымда өңдеумен айналыспайды. Әдетте, тіршілік әрекетінің қалдықтары ондаған жылдар бойы қоршаған ортаны улайтын полигондар мен қоқыс тастайтын жерлерге тасылады. Бұл елді мекендерді қоршаған рұқсат етілмеген үйінділерді есептемегенде. Осы проблеманы жүйелі талдау әдісін қолдану мүдделі тараптарды анықтауға мүмкіндік береді, «қара жәшік» модельдері, жүйенің құрылымы, IDEF0-модельдері құрылды. Себеп-салдарлық байланыстарды зерттеу «проблемалар ағашын» және «мақсаттар ағашын» құру жолымен жүргізілді. Теориялық құрылымдар пластикалық заттарды өндіру мен тұтынуда пластикалық қалдықтардың санын азайтуға мүмкіндік береді.

https://doi.org/10.48081/FGCZ9495

2024

Выпуск 2

Effective plant virus management is paramount for ensuring sustainable crop production and global food security. This review article delves into integrated strategies to mitigate the impact of plant viruses on crops, underscoring the necessity of a multifaceted and comprehensive approach to virus control. The primary objective of this research is to synthesize current knowledge on plant virus management, emphasizing the synergistic application of biological, chemical, and cultural practices. The core focus of the study involves evaluating the efficacy of these strategies both individually and in combination to formulate a robust and holistic management plan. The study underscores the scientific importance of integrating diverse methodologies, which not only mitigate virus incidence but also bolster overall crop resilience, yield, and long-term sustainability. The methodology entails a critical and exhaustive analysis of existing literature, appraising the outcomes of various virus management strategies across different crops, regions, and environmental contexts. Key findings reveal that integrated management approaches, such as deploying resistant cultivars alongside crop rotation and precision-targeted pesticide application, markedly diminish virus transmission, severity, and associated impacts. The research concludes that a holistic strategy for plant virus management is indispensable for securing long-term crop health, stability, and productivity. This work significantly contributes to the field by providing a comprehensive synthesis of effective management practices, establishing a solid framework for future research and practical application. The practical implications lie in the potential to implement these integrated strategies across diverse agricultural systems, ultimately fostering more sustainable crop production, enhanced food security, and reduced economic losses due to plant viruses.

https://doi.org/10.48081/BZTR3857

2024

Выпуск 2